The previous blog asked if the similarities of practice in PE are such that it is beyond the capacity of individuals to make a difference to anyone outside of their own classrooms? It suggested that practice in PE is a global entity and while there might be pockets of resistance around the world, the core principles of PE have remained unchallenged for decades. It concluded by asking what we can do, as a body of physical educators, to make changes for the global good.
This week’s blog looks back on a paper written nearly 40 years ago and asks, worryingly, if PE still stands on the end of school life and if it still needs to justify itself through elite sporting success. Fundamentally, however, it also asks why, given the changes that have occurred in the world, PE (a) is still positioned as the prestige gathering arm of the school, and (b) shows understanding of the skilful child but doesn’t know how to help those who are disaffected or low skilled?
Volume 3: Teachers, teaching and teacher education in physical education
Paper 57:
Hendry, L.B. (1975/2012) Survival in a marginal role: The professional identify of the physical education teacher. In D. Kirk (ed.) Physical Education: Volume III. (pp. 222-233) London: Routledge.
My ‘take home’ message – the implications of the research on practice
A few weeks ago I had the chance to work with a fantastic group of teacher educators, teachers and pre-service teachers at the London Association for Physical Education’s (afPE) one-day conference. The theme for the day was focused on ascertaining if PE had lost its Mojo and the day culminated with a panel session where this issues was discussed. One of the questions to emerge from the audience revolved around the traditional role of the PE teacher in running school fixtures and producing the future international athletes of the future. We were talking about the perceived need to ‘fill the trophy cabinet’ and lay claim to the development of any elite performer who had once walked through the door to our gymnasium and partook of our programme. We talked about international shirts hanging in corridors and alumni being paraded through the annuals of the school to represent the excellence of the PE programme. We talked about ‘people we knew or had heard about’ who built their careers and programmes around these types of successes and then we questioned the bona fide nature of these claims and where/how they might have emerged and been accepted as credible.
My response was that the tradition and expectation that the PE teacher was a ‘coach’ emerged from the marginalised position of the PE teacher in the school. He or she, as recently ago as the early 1970s – in the UK at least – was not required to hold a degree and could teach with a certificate in education (a cert ed). This led to diminished status among colleagues and the PE teacher (like the wood work, music, art or domestic science teacher) was seen as a ‘trainer-instructor’ rather than an academic member of staff. Since PE wasn’t an exam subject the only way for the low status PE teacher to gain recognition was through the success of the school in local, regional and national competitions. This was the way that PE and its teachers gained prestige.
Despite the rise in many countries of the availability of examination PE and the shift towards healthy lifestyles the role of coach is still one of prestige. The success of the school team(s) is vital and the number of elite graduates from programmes is still seen as a reflection on the quality of the programme and the teacher. In some countries ‘coach’ even comes with a pay rise and greater responsibility and respect. Yet despite this many of the people I talk to on twitter and at conferences still find themselves advocating for their subject. Money goes to the ‘coach’ and to the ‘football team’ (among other teams) but the rest of the programme suffers. In carving out this position of recognition and prestige in the school have we inadvertently shot ourselves in the foot?
So what can we do? How can we show that out goals, our money and our prestige shouldn’t be focused just on the elite but should be about how we help each and every child live a healthy and happy life – a life that we might just (in a small way) have helped them get closer to this.
The Paper
Writing nearly forty years ago Hendry suggests that schools are places where some people get respect for who they are (head or principal), for what they teach (maths or foreign languages), for the example they set (the disciplinarian), and for the positive publicity they garner (the PE teacher). People, he says can get credit for combining roles but for some, i.e. those with low status jobs in poorly perceived subject areas, these options are limited.
Hendry believed that the PE teacher, due to the low academic standing of the subject, gets by on getting good publicity and for keeping the naughty kids in check. Indeed, he suggests that “the public image of the physical education teacher is of ‘a man (sic) of action…not first choice for a discussion of professional problems”.
This ‘non-too-bright individual’, Hendry held, was recognisable by his or her dress (which was different to any other member of staff), by their ‘non-serious’ role, their perceived marginality and feelings of low prestige. Significantly senior leaders in schools and academic colleagues saw PE (and its teachers) as a useful instrument of persuasion or coercion and its commitment to school goals and values. Pupils saw this a little more in black and white. They saw the PE teacher as holding a disciplinary role and “concentrating on the very able and skilled pupils, while lacking some understanding of those less interested in the subject”.
What worries me more than anything, I suppose, is that this paper was written in 1975.
1975 was the year that the Altair 8800 (a microcomputer) was released and the Volkswagen Golf was introduced. It was the year of Super bowl IX in which the Pittsburgh Steelers beat the Minnesota Vikings and the year in which Wheel of Fortune premiered. This was the year that space mountain opened and the Watergate scandal came to a close. This was the year that Charlie Chaplin was knighted and Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded Microsoft. This is the year that the Helsinki Accords were signed, NASA launched Viking 1, and the Apache helicopter made its first flight. This was the year that the “Yorkshire ripper” committed his first murder, the G6 was formed and the heavy metal band, Iron Maiden, was formed.
So much has happened since then and yet PE doesn’t seem to have changed that much. It continues to be seen as a marginalised subject, good on discipline but bad on intelligence. It is still accused of focusing on the elite while having little understanding or drive to help the less able and the disaffected. When is enough, enough? The Altair 8800 is almost unrecognisable when compared to modern computers and yet the PE teacher seems like a familiar figure.
What’s next? As part of this series of blogs I propose the following as a way of considering the implications of this research on your teaching- Think, Act, Change (or TAC for short).
Think about findings of the paper – do they resonate with you? Use the comment box below to ask a question, seek clarification, may be challenge the findings.
Act on what you’ve read. What do you believe? Is it your responsibility to make changes or is this just something else that I’ve put on your plate? Is there action to take? If so, what might it be?
Change what you do in response to your thoughts and actions? Is this a personal undertaking? If you want to do something or are looking for help then please let the community know about it.
I wouldn’t expect every paper to get beyond the T or even the A of TAC but if one paper resonates enough to get to C then hopefully all this is worthwhile. Good luck.
Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Vicky Goodyear whose work behind the scene as copy editor is a vital part of getting this blog out on time and in a semblance of coherence.
